- PII
- S0321-50750000591-6-1
- DOI
- 10.31857/S50000591-6-1
- Publication type
- Article
- Status
- Published
- Authors
- Volume/ Edition
- Volume / Issue №3
- Pages
- 21-27
- Abstract
- The author singles out two phases of urbanization linked to modernization and agglomeration. The first phase covers the transformation of a traditional urban system into a modern one, while the second is characterized primarily by the agglomeration of people in cities and towns. Both factors in an ideal case act simultaneously. In the reality of urbanization in Pakistan the division into two stages is predetermined first of all by the high demographic growth. Modernization remains a factor at the phase of agglomerative urbanization but takes the back seat. While characterizing density of population in cities and urban periphery and growing overall overcrowding in Pakistan, the author underlines a complex nature of social, economic and ecological problems faced by the society and the state. Among particular problems identified by the author are wide-spread and growing poverty (more than third of urban population), the predominance of informal sector in the structure of employment in manufacturing, construction, trade and services, the criminality, insecurity for urban dwellers and inconveniences for them caused by politically motivated mass gatherings and sit-in strikes. Urban areas, especially megacities like Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad-Rawalpindi, suffer from congestion in central quarters and in periphery, from shortage of public transport, breaks in electricity and water supply, lack of modern sanitation, dirtiness in the streets and heavy smog. The author stresses the inadequacy of government efforts to solve various problems stemming from urbanization, touches upon the issue of climate warming and its possible disastrous consequences for some Pakistani cities and towns. In conclusion, he reveals the importance of Pakistan's experience in relation to agglomerative urbanization for the nations of South Asia as well as other overpopulated regions of Asia and Africa.
- Keywords
- Pakistan, urbanization, modernization, agglomeration, poverty, unemployment, ecology
- Date of publication
- 01.03.2018
- Number of purchasers
- 8
- Views
- 1352
RAS History & PhilologyAsia and Africa Today
- ISSN (Print) 0321-5075
- ISSN (Online)2782-2389
URBANIZATION IN PAKISTAN - FROM MODERNIZATION TO AGGLOMERATION
Индексирование
Scopus
Crossref
Higher Attestation Commission
At the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Scientific Electronic Library