"Tribal diplomacy" in the Middle East: U.S. experience in Iraq
Table of contents
Share
QR
Metrics
"Tribal diplomacy" in the Middle East: U.S. experience in Iraq
Annotation
PII
S268667300015584-2-
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Aganin Aydar R. 
Affiliation: Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Edition
Pages
112-126
Abstract

The author analyses the engagement by the U.S. occupation and expeditionary forces in Iraq (2003-2010) of traditional Arab social structures of this country - namely the whole range of tribal networks. Before entering Iraq the U.S. did not have this experience and thus it's useful to follow the change in the character of the relationship with tribes from the level of almost absolute absence of understanding and underestimation of tribal factor to the level of cooperation and even financing of certain needs of local communities, in particular in Al Anbar province. Light is also shed at the contribution of the American think-tankers, first of all by the Washington based U.S. Institute of Peace.

Keywords
diplomacy, tribes, tribalism, Iraq
Received
13.05.2021
Date of publication
06.07.2021
Number of purchasers
19
Views
1166
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Previous versions
S268667300015584-2-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 22.06.2021
Cite   Download pdf

References

1. Glain Stephen J. Stronghold Can Backfire: Iraq Tribes Are Key Source of Loyalty, Rebellion // The Wall Street Journal, 23.05.2000. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB95903511917902858 (accessed 15.06.2021).

2. دفن نجلي صدام ومقتل جندي أميركي شمال بغداد Available at: https://www.aljazeera.net/news/arabic/2003/8/2/%20 دفن-نجلي-صدام-ومقتل-جندي-أميركي-شمال 2.08.2003. (accessed 15.06.2021).

3. Ash-Shark al'-Ausat. 11.09.2003.

4. Soobschenie agentstva «Frans-press» ot 8.12. 2003, tsit. po iordanskoj gazete Al'-Arab al'-Yaum, 9.12.2003.

5. Brinkley Joel. Few Signs of Infiltration by Foreign Fighters in Iraq // The New York Times, 9.11.2003.

6. Packer George. The Lessons of Tel Afar // The New Yorker, April 10, 2003.

7. Hannah Allam and Mohammed Dulaimy. Iraqis Lament a Call for Help // Philadelphia Inquirer 17.05.2005. Available at: https://archive.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/occupation/2005/0517lament.htm (accessed 15.06.2021).

8. Scott Tyson Ann. In a Volatile Region of Iraq, U.S. Military Takes Two Paths // The Washington Post, 15.09.2006. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/14/AR2006091401900.html (accessed 15.06.2021).

9. Al Qaida in Iraq: Assessment and Outside Links. Available at: https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL32217.html (accessed 15.06.2021).

10. Transcript of President Bush’s State of the Union address as recorded by The New York Times // The New York Times, 23.01.2007. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/washington/23bush-transcript.html (accessed 15.06.2021).

11. Kukis Mark. Turning Iraq’s Tribes Against Al-Qaida //Time Magazine (electronic version), 26.12.2006. Available at: http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1572796,00.html (accessed 15.06.2021).

12. Partlow Joshua. U.S. unit enters an alliance of last resort // NBC News, 9.06.2007. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19103676 (accessed 15.06.2021).

13. Dagher Sam. Sunny Muslim sheikhs join U.S. in fighting Al Qaeda //Christian Science Monitor, 3.05.2007. Available at: https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0503/p01s04-wome.html (accessed.15.06.2021).

14. Fairweather Jack. Leader’s ambitions worry Baghdad elite //Financial Times, 15.04.2008. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/19ed9c72-0d6c-11dd-b90a-0000779fd2ac (accessed 15/06/2021).

15. President Obama’s Address on Iraq // The New York Times, 31.08.2010 (electronic version). Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/01/world/01obama-text.html (ac-cessed 15.06.2021).

16. Logan Joseph. Last U.S. troops leave Iraq, ending war // Reuters, 18.12.2011. Available at: https:// reuters.com/article/US-Iraq-withdrawal-idUSTRE7BH03320111218 (accessed 15.06.2021).

17. Abels Zach. 2017. Will the COINdinistas Rise Again? The National Interest. 3.05.2017. Available at: https:// nationalinterst/jpg/feature/will/the/coindinistas/rise/again-20463? No-paging (accessed 30.05.2021).

18. Dansereau Paul T. 2012. Tribal Influence on Middle East Political Stability: Is there a Relationship? - Biblioscholar, U.S., Illustrated edition. 34 pages.

19. Eiesenstadt Michael (Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army Reserve). 2007. Tribal Engagement. Lessons Learned // Military Review. September-October 2007.

20. Fitzsimmons Michael. 2013. Governance, Identity, and Counterinsurgency: Evidence from Ramadi and Tel Afar / Strategic Studies. Institute U.S. Army War College/ March 2013.

21. Glubb John. 1948. The Story of the Arab Legion. – London Hodder & Stoughton, 371 pp.

22. Kilcullen David. 2007. Anatomy of a Tribal Revolt // Small Wars Journal, 29.08.2007. Available at: https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/anatomy-of-a-tribal-revolt (accessed 24.04.2021).

23. Knarr William (Dr.). Al-Sahawa: an Awakening in Al Qaim. Available at: https://globalecc.org/al-sahawa-an-awakening- al-qaim (accessed 30.05.2021).

24. Michael W. Hein (major US army) Western Anbar under after the Awakening. A Tale of Three Cities. Available at: https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/March-April-2018/Hein-Western-Anbar/ (accessed 30.05.2021).

25. McCallister William S. 2005. Anatomy of a Tribal Rebellion //Small Wars Journal, 5.03.2005. URL: https://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/anatomy-of-a-tribal-rebellion (accessed 15.06.2021).

26. Michaels Jim. 2010. A Chance in Hell: the Men Who Triumphed over Iraq’s Deadliest City and Turned the Tide of War. - New York. St. Martin’s press, 272 pp.

27. Silverman M. 2011. Awakening Victory. How Iraqi Tribes and American Troopes Reclaimed l-Anbar Province and Defeated Al Qaida in Iraq. Haventon (PA), Casemate Publishers 2011, 352 pp.

28. Taylor Richard. 2005. Tribal Alliance: Ways, Means and Ends to Successful Strategy. Strategic Studies Institute/ U.S. Army War College. Carlisle PA. August 2005.

29. Todd Lin (Study director & Primary Researcher). 2006. Iraq Tribal Study - Al Anbar Governorate: the Albu Fahd Tribe, the Albu Mahal Tribe and the Albu Issa Tribe. Research completed June 18, 2006 under contract with Department of Defence. Available at: http://www.comw.org/warreport/fulltext/0709todd.pdf (accessed 15.06.2021).

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate